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Sveva Longo Enricomaria Mormina Francesca Granata Domenico Mallamace Marcello Longo Silvia Capuani 《文物保护研究》2018,63(7):383-390
A modern approach to the diagnosis of artistic heritage makes use of non-destructive techniques which avoid damage to artworks or signs of interaction with the analytical technique used. For this reason, today, the employment of X-rays to study artistic heritage is quite widespread. Computed tomography (CT) Imaging was first used as specialized medical diagnostic tool in the early 1970s. Today, CT scanners have become more common, and non-destructive three-dimensional imaging has found an increasing number of uses in different areas such as materials research, geology, archaeology, and museum conservation. In this work, a new generation of clinical CT (based on the Dual Energy and multi-slice acquisition principle) is used to investigate an Egyptian wooden mummy board with a total acquisition time of 93.23 seconds and a voxel size of 0.078?×?0.078?×?1.5?mm. The use of two distinct techniques of image post-processing, the two-dimensional multi-planar reconstruction (MPR) and the three-dimensional volume rendering technique (VRT) allowed us to: evaluate the state of conservation of the mummy board, determine how the wooden object was implemented, recognize a nineteenth-century intervention of consolidation, and advance the hypothesis that the wooden planks were reused. In particular, we highlight the use of the cardiovascular and pulmonary filter with VRT reconstruction, which allows a virtual elimination of different parts of the mummy board to investigate those areas otherwise accessible only by removing parts of the board and thus damaging the work. 相似文献
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Kinship,Camaraderie and Contestation: Fāṭimid Relations with the Ashrāf in the Fourth/Tenth Century.
Shainool Jiwa 《Al-Masaq: Islam & the Medieval Mediterranean》2016,28(3):242-264
The founding of the Fā?imid caliphate across the southern Mediterranean, and then in Egypt, Syria and the ?ijāz at the turn of the fourth/tenth century, necessitated its negotiation with the ashrāf, those who claimed lineal descent from the Prophet Mu?ammad, and who by this time had gained significant influence as a social class based on their charismatic descent. While other dynastic powers fostered relationships with various members of the ashrāf, the Fā?imid–ashrāf dynamics were distinctive in that the Fā?imids legitimised their rule as Ismā?īlī Shī?ī imām-caliphs, based on their claim of descent from the Prophet Mu?ammad, and as the sole successors to his authority and leadership over the Islamic world. Consequently, Fā?imid–ashrāf relations were permeated by fraternal camaraderie as well as by competing contestations based on their shared claim to Prophetic lineage. 相似文献
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Zoe Eirini Papliaka Konstantinos S. Andrikopoulos Evangelia A. Varella 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2010,11(4):381-391
This study examines the materials of a contemporary pictorial artwork, belonging to the Macedonian Museum of Contemporary Art in Thessaloniki (Greece), and needing conservation. The combined use of micro-FTIR and micro-Raman spectroscopy allowed the identification of almost all painting materials. Moreover, the stability of a series of synthetic pigments towards accelerated ageing is investigated in applications using the contemporary binding medium styrene-acrylic copolymer. The pigments in question are: Hansa yellow PY3 and PY74, quinacridone PV19 and PR122, naphthol AS PR112, phthalocyanine green PG7 and blue PB15, dioxazine PV37, van Dyck brown PBk11, ivory black PBk9, and titanium dioxide PW6. The organic pigments were applied alone or mixed with titanium dioxide, in rutile form or as a mixture of rutile/anatase. The experimental swatches were subjected to ageing tests, and subsequently studied as to colour changes by means of colorimetric measurements, and as to the molecular structure differentiations by infrared spectroscopy in reflectance mode. The ageing tests included exposure to high temperature and humidity (90 °C, 60% RH) and to ultraviolet radiation (350 nm, 30 °C and 50% RH, with a substantial temperature increase at 90 °C for 3 days). The greater colour difference is caused by high temperature and humidity, whereas paint layers containing TiO2, and especially the mixture of the forms rutile/anatase, prove very susceptible to ultraviolet radiation, demonstrating a significant colour difference and extended molecular changes. 相似文献
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David A. Scott 《文物保护研究》2016,61(4):185-202
The pigments used by the ancient Egyptians constitute the most diverse pigment palette of the ancient world. This review discusses the pigments and binders which were used, arranged principally in terms of the colours themselves, namely, the white, green, grey, black, brown, blue, red, orange, and yellow pigments. The chemical identity of these pigments is discussed with some details regarding the artefacts or time periods from which the pigment concerned has been identified. Combinations of pigments were used for creating some colours, especially: greens, pinks, blues, yellows, and a variety of pale hues by mixing primary colours with a white addition, such as calcite. The identification of ancient Egyptian pigments is often aggravated by chemical interactions between pigment and binder media, or between the pigment and environmental pollutants, or both. The nature of the binders and varnishes used in ancient Egypt is briefly discussed. The identification of green pigments from ancient Egypt is often difficult, and some of the recent research concerning the topic is reviewed. In addition to including relevant details from older literature, this review provides a synopsis of recent studies which have appeared since the last major review carried out by Lee and Quirke in 2000. 相似文献
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Josephine van den Bent 《Al-Masaq: Islam & the Medieval Mediterranean》2016,28(2):171-186
The rise of the Mongol empire was a shock to the Arab world and led many Arab authors to describe these conquerors in decidedly negative terms. The great historian Ibn Khaldūn also discusses the Mongols' rise and their conquests. As a nomadic people they challenged and defeated sedentary populations and founded their own dynasties. Consequently, the Mongol conquests perfectly fit Ibn Khaldūn's theories on ?a?abiyya – which is superior in nomadic groups – and the rise and fall of dynasties. For the Maghrebi historian, the rise of the Mongols was a natural step in the course of history. This consequently colours his view of the Mongols and affects the way he portrays them, especially regarding the themes of violence and religion – recurring themes in many contemporary works dealing with the Mongols – and in his depiction of the Turco-Mongolian conqueror Timur, who is presented in a more favourable light by Ibn Khaldūn than he is in many contemporary works. 相似文献
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Optical radiation is capable of altering the spectral reflectance of layers of colorants. Light damage is of particular importance in respect to unique historical objects in exhibitions. The major parameter governing this process is the spectral irradiance applied to the surface. As this may vary significantly for different light sources, an experimental investigation of the damage potential of the numerous illuminants available is a cumbersome task. In this work a numerical algorithm for the prediction of modifications of the spectral reflectance of colorants subject to a given arbitrary spectral irradiance over a given time is presented. It uses the temporal evolution of the spectral reflectance of the dye or pigment at issue when irradiated by a set of narrowband light sources as input data. The predicted reflectance spectra and the resulting color changes are compared to those measured for samples irradiated with common polychromatic light sources. The concept described in this work aims at the implementation of a standardized procedure and database for the prediction of radiative damage for a comprehensive range of pigments and dyes. 相似文献
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古埃及的风俗、文字、艺术等各方面均有其独树一帜的程式化特点,这也是古代埃及文明能够在历史岁月的长河中被保存下来的重要原因。中国现代艺术在效仿学习西方艺术的同时,产生了一些弊病,艺术评定的标准模糊不清。古代埃及艺术在这方面可以给我们现代人重要的启示和影响。 相似文献
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以黄色七彩菊花作材料,对其花色素提取条件及理化性质进行研究。以蒸馏水作为提取剂,在单因素实验基础上,通过正交实验优化了色素提取温度、料液比、提取时间,优化提取条件为：温度80℃,料液比1：11．1（g／mL）,提取时间30min。理化性质表明：不同温度、pH值对色素颜色有较大影响,色素的光稳定性及抗氧化性能力较差,色素具有一定的热稳定性和抗还原性能力;Na^＋、K^＋、Ca^2＋、Al^3＋四种离子对色素稳定性影响较小,Cu^2＋、Fe^3＋对色素影响较大。 相似文献
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